The education system in Maharashtra has gone from government grants to a private education system. Now expansion and quality go hand in hand to sustain development. The future will not grant, have to find a way to move the new education system by accepting this.
Sixty years have passed since the establishment of the State of
Maharashtra. In the last sixty years, Maharashtra has been recognized as a
leading state at the National level. The issues of agriculture, co-operation, sugar
industry, and cultural development in Maharashtra have made an impact
at the National level. Maharashtra ' Education
Development 'is a great one. Education spread through the social movement
in Maharashtra. Many individuals and organizations have made a
great contribution to this. The educational tradition in Maharashtra has a
great heritage. This legacy was inspired by social movements before
1960, but later it was built on political support. This includes new
policies, new organizations, Universities, and technological
development are major contributors. This has led to some educational
development as well as new problems and questions. This article
tries to give an account of what is gaining and losing in the field of education
in the sixty years.
With the National mainstream:
In During the pre-independence and
post-independence periods, Maharashtra has always been in the National
mainstream. Maharashtra maintained this policy in terms of educational
policy. After independence, which changed the national level, the
state of the implementation of the legislation. Due to the long tenure of
the Congress at the national and state levels, there was no
conflict. United Maharashtra with Mumbai came into existence on May 1,
1960. Before that, Mumbai had two regions, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Even
in this bilingual states, the educational progress was better than in other
states. On the one hand, political awareness, social reform was the
legacy. Education should be universal, was presented the political
desire. That was the demand of society. The biggest benefit of this
seems to have come after 1960. After 1960, pluralistic politics became
more prevalent in Maharashtra. It was led by Yashwantrao Chavan with
diplomacy. The number of schools, colleges, universities
increased according to the needs of society. E.B.C. to
students. concessions, teachers' salaries were brought under the
purview of the government and it was given practical strength. In 1962,
Shivaji University was established at Kolhapur and the process of rural higher
education was started. Strengthened the earlier universities
of Mumbai, Pune, Marathwada, and Nagpur. Gave place to
educationists in the decision-making process. The combined result is that
the state of Maharashtra remained at the forefront of education even in the seventies.
Important Stages:
There are some important stages in the
educational journey of Maharashtra. Through these phases, observation of
academic progress and discussion of current challenges will be
presented. National education policies are a major contributor. The
Kothari Commission is a milestone in this process. The Kothari Commission
made a major contribution to the education expansion plan. The same
commission introduced the formula of 10 + 2 + 3 and gave the opportunity of
higher education to four generations. Before this commission came, the
formula was 11 + 2 + 2. It produces a small number of graduates. The
proportion of students who failed in class XI was higher. Besides, the age
for the matriculation examination was fixed at 17 years. The Kothari
Commission introduced the Secondary Certificate Examination in Class X and
brought it down to the age of fifteen. Reducing the level of difficulty in
this exam led many to higher education. In Maharashtra, this policy was implemented
diligently by the then Education Minister Madhukarrao Chaudhary. He took
the initiative and set up secondary and higher secondary
boards. With the establishment of Balbharati ,
the work of making textbooks at the school level started. These efforts
were met with great success. Excellent books were being produced at the
school level. The universalization of education took place as the number
of students passing the matriculation examination increased. In
Maharashtra, this has been implemented diligently since 1975. The number
of schools, students, and teachers increased significantly. In
the new education policy of 1986, which came after the Kothari Commission and
the changes in 1992, the formula 10 + 2 + 3 remained the same. Now the new
education policy is changing. As the pass rate increased, so did the
number of colleges and universities to accommodate them. Today, the state
21 thousand schools, 7 thousand junior colleges are running 20
universities, including the Open University, a medical
university, a technical and four agricultural universities
with 1 9 State established in 65 Secondary and Higher Secondary Education
Board,
Pune, Nagpur, Aurangabad, Mumbai, Kolhapur, Amravati, Nashik, Latur
, and Konkan divisions have been started. The Kothari Commission had
recommended the production of textbooks as well as textbooks for higher
education. Accordingly, Maharashtra Vidyapeeth Granth
Nirmiti Mandal, Nagpur was established in 1969 and this
organization had written 300 books in Marathi through
scholars and researchers. After coming to power in Maharashtra
in 1995, the Shiv Sena-BJP coalition government closed it as a loss-making
corporation. The government has been investing in education since the
sixties. This policy lasted until the eighties. After that, the
festival of ' unsubsidized educational
institution ' started.
Unsubsidized Principles:
Maharashtra,
educational development was started on a government basis in the seventies and
eighties. It was limited to medical and engineering colleges. There were
two engineering and medical colleges in the university area. And the
admission of MBBS was on PCB, PCM group in 12th standard. In
which those whose marks were ninety percent or so they get a chance
somewhere. Other students then prefer to do a diploma or BSc. More
than seventy percent of the points were lost. Since there are no private
colleges in Maharashtra, students with purchasing power go to private
Engineering and Medical colleges in Karnataka or Andhra Pradesh and today's
Telangana. Since these colleges are private, they collect
donations. In this, his love was accumulating in crores of rupees. It
was discussed in Maharashtra, but no political decision was
taken. Vasantravada Patil took this bold step in the eighties and decided to
start private engineering and medical colleges. Therefore, new colleges
were started in every district of Maharashtra. In this, Dada gave way to
the organizations of the leaders in Congress. MLAs, MPs, Ministers
started their own institutions. Dr. Patangrao
Kadam , Dr. D.Y. Patil , Kamal Kishore
Kadam , Datta Meghe , Dr. Padmasingh
Patil, Dr. E.g. Karad , who started out in private
engineering and medical colleges. In addition, permanent unsubsidized arts, commerce, science
colleges, and B.Ed. The process of licensing colleges began. This led
to a latent competition between the government and the private system. The
private sector has literally hired senior teachers from the government system
by paying extra salaries to their institutions. A large number of
private colleges were started in the jurisdiction
of Mumbai and Pune Universities. The tallest buildings
of the new educational institution and their splendor stood in the Vashi area
of Navi Mumbai , adjacent to Mumbai . In Marathwada,
Aurangabad , Nanded , Jalna, and in Vidarbha,
Nagpur and Amravati were overrun by private companies. The
non-subsidized institutions took control of the education system before
the beginning of the nineties. His influence was seen
in government policies, decisions of universities. In the Senate,
the Academic Council, the Management Council of the
universities, he made the decisions he wanted. Some of these things
were exposed but the government never put permanent pressure on them. The
media, especially the print media, continued to shed light on this. In the
area of Marathwada University in 1987-88, Dr. The NY Dole Committee had
inspected and reported on several unsubsidized organizations. Maharashtra
Times representative Gopal Sakrikar had written an articles on this and editor
Govind Talwalkar had written an editorial and brought the reality
forward. At the same time, some misconceptions about other university
jurisdictions were deliberately covered by local district newspapers. Many
of these things may have been forgotten by many. After the nineties, the
Indian system openly adopted the 'Privatization' policy for
economic development. As a result, private educational institutions were
gaining more political clout. The Congress ruled Maharashtra for a long
time. Being a private body of their leaders, the party was indirectly
gaining financial strength. Some of these leaders also joined BJP-Shiv
Sena for convenience. But their institutions were not shaken. Over
the last thirty years, some private institutions have prospered financially and
achieved the status of a private university for themselves , which is
a commercial success of the non-subsidized institution.
Privatization:
Today, the education system in Maharashtra
is divided into government and private universities. Government universities
are also a system built by law. After 1960, the University Act was
changed three times in 1974 , 1996, and 2016. Government
control was established in the 1974 Act. Before this law was enacted, the
law of each university was different. The Maharashtra University Act was
drafted with a view to streamlining the work of the university. The
government has adopted a non-subsidized education policy since 1983, the
effect of which can be seen in 1996 and later 2016 laws. Now private and
cluster university arrangements are taking shape. For this too, the
government has to legislate in the legislature. Considering the
educational trajectory in Maharashtra over the last thirty years, it seems
that the government is slowly retiring, controlling the education system. The
Autonomous University system is apparent; there is continued government
intervention. The government pays the salaries and pensions of government
teachers and teaching staff in the universities. So, this control appears
more. Apart from this, government decisions issued from time-to-time work
to control the universities. The use of technology has
become very popular in the education system since the academic year
2000 . Admission process for University Colleges and Junior Colleges
was done online. The use of technology has also been made mandatory in
examinations and assessments. In the last twenty-five years, even the
universities have lost their self-sufficient technology development and become
customers of private companies. There is no cost fell into the hands of
billions of rupees spent every year, this is real. However, in the
development of educational technology, the university system is becoming
notorious in society. In the academic year 2019-20, the global problem of
Kovid-19 arose. From March 20, various departments
of schools, colleges, and universities are closed. Now they
are partially underway. Due to the delay in the examination decision, the
decision of the Supreme Court will eventually be taken, and the degree
certificates will be distributed to the students by taking the online
examination. The academic year 2020-21 is still waiting to begin. In
the same vein, a new national education policy has been announced. The new
strategy emphasizes skill development. The formula of 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 has
been adopted as an alternative to the present 10 + 2 + 3 educational
frameworks. Today, the session and ranking system is being implemented at
the university level. In this, the student will get this rank and will get
a degree or diploma. From now on, primary education will remain till the
fifth standard. After that, it will come to the secondary level. Instead
of the tenth, he will take the eleventh exam and go to the next four-year
stage. In this, the student can learn other subjects along with his
subject knowledge. He will have the opportunity to take mooch courses
online. He will have to do an internship in the last session and only then
can he graduate. Currently, this policy has been announced recently. Some
constituent states are also opposing some of these
provisions. The implementation of the new education policy
will be possible in the academic year 2021-22.
New Challenges:
The school, college,
and university education system in Maharashtra now wants to survive
by competing in a real sense. Thirty years after globalization, all
systems are changing. Investment is being withdrawn from government
initiatives. Therefore, in the future, the government education system
will have to work in a very flexible manner. What accept the flexibility
of the regime, this is the real question. Considering the overall
current situation; The education system faces the following
challenges. 1. The government education system will have to struggle
to survive. 2. To make an appropriate education system, there
will be another challenge. 3. Government aid will dwindle, and we
will have to develop our own means of income. 4. We have to
bring professionalism in the education system. 5. The future
direction should be found by constantly reviewing the education
system. 6. In the future, the nature
of colleges and university education will remain a cluster system. Therefore,
quality education should be provided with less manpower. 7. To
modernize the education system, there will be a big
challenge. 8. It must be sustained by earning the trust of students
and society. 9. Creating new models by adopting an interdisciplinary
education system. 10. Education will slip out of the common
man, so it is not expensive. This will be a big challenge for the
government education system to provide quality education to the
people. 11. To develop a hybrid mode by combining traditional
education and technology-based education. 12. Consistently contribute
to academic research, knowledge creation. 13. Government
agencies, the Education department, educational
institutions, laws, rules, showing the political will to bring
all the difference, it will be a challenge sasanapudhe. 14. To avoid
political interference in education and to show generosity in allowing
educational institutions to do their work , which is usually never
shown. 15. ' Reading, writing , and
listening ' are basic skills in education systems around the
World. Their development is carried out by the students at different
levels of education. These skills are still very important today. In
the last twenty-five years, students have moved away
from reading and writing. Students are currently just
listening. This was a one-sided development. Build-friendly
environment enhances the skills of students in three academic World and to keep
up the state, there will be a challenge in front of the
achievement. 16. Students ' and teachers'
unions working in the field of education should also be vigilant and
keep an eye on educational development. After 1990, these factors seem to
be very low. In the last thirty years, teachers' unions have not only gone
beyond NET-SET and pay scale issues. They will have to make an effort to
look after the educational interests.
Dr.Sanjay Ratnaparkhi
